Covers automatic train protection technologies: AWS (Automatic Warning System, alerts the loco pilot), TPWS (Train Protection & Warning System, can also apply brakes automatically), and ACD (Anti Collision Device, an earlier GPS-based collision-avoidance system). These are the predecessors to the modern Kavach system.
Exam Focus
- Know the escalating capability: AWS only warns; TPWS warns AND can apply brakes automatically; ACD was GPS-based collision avoidance — each represents progressively more automated safety intervention.
Content Status
Draft note, grounded in real official syllabus text found via research but not yet cross-checked against the primary RBE PDF directly. Treat as study-aid only until verified.